Information on the Eurasian - Indian Metapopulation

The Indian Metapopulation (Eurasian - Indian) consists of 9,339 haplotypes (at least minimal) which were published in 28 population studies and were additionally submitted via personal communication (11 submissions) .

Most common haplotypes

Count DYS19 DYS389I DYS389II DYS390 DYS391 DYS392 DYS393 DYS385
130 16 13 30 25 11 11 13 11,14
91 15 13 29 22 10 14 12 9,16
84 15 14 31 25 10 11 13 11,14
80 15 14 32 25 10 11 13 11,14
70 15 13 31 25 10 11 13 11,14
62 14 12 28 22 10 14 11 13,17
56 16 13 31 25 11 11 13 11,14
55 15 13 30 25 10 11 13 11,14
51 16 13 30 24 11 11 13 11,14
46 15 14 30 22 10 11 12 15,16
Count DYS391 DYS389I DYS439 DYS389II DYS438 DYS437 DYS19 DYS392 DYS393 DYS390 DYS385
96 11 13 10 30 11 14 16 11 13 25 11,14
63 10 14 10 32 11 14 15 11 13 25 11,14
58 10 13 10 31 11 14 15 11 13 25 11,14
55 10 14 10 31 11 14 15 11 13 25 11,14
40 9 12 12 28 10 15 17 11 12 23 15,18
40 10 13 12 29 10 16 15 14 12 22 9,16
39 11 13 10 31 11 14 16 11 13 25 11,14
34 10 13 10 30 11 14 15 11 13 25 11,14
34 11 13 10 30 11 14 16 11 13 24 11,14
32 10 14 11 30 9 14 15 11 12 22 15,16
Count DYS456 DYS389I DYS390 DYS389II DYS458 DYS19 DYS385 DYS393 DYS391 DYS439 DYS635 DYS392 YGATAH4 DYS437 DYS438 DYS448
35 13 12 23 28 18 17 15,18 12 9 12 21 11 12 15 10 19
26 15 13 25 30 16 16 11,14 13 11 10 23 11 13 14 11 20
23 15 13 22 29 16 15 16,16 12 10 11 22 11 11 14 8 18
19 15 13 25 31 16 15 11,14 13 10 10 23 11 13 14 11 20
15 15 14 22 30 18 15 15,16 12 10 11 20 11 12 14 9 19
13 15 14 25 32 16 15 11,14 13 10 10 23 11 13 14 11 20
12 15 13 23 29 17 14 12,18 14 10 10 24 10 12 16 11 19
12 15 13 24 30 15 16 11,14 13 11 10 24 11 13 14 11 20
12 15 13 24 31 16 16 11,14 13 10 10 23 11 13 14 11 20
12 15 14 25 31 16 15 11,14 13 10 10 23 11 13 14 11 20
Count DYS576 DYS389I DYS448 DYS389II DYS19 DYS391 DYS481 DYS549 DYS533 DYS438 DYS437 DYS570 DYS635 DYS390 DYS439 DYS392 DYS643 DYS393 DYS458 DYS385 DYS456 YGATAH4
24 18 12 19 28 17 9 24 10 10 10 15 18 21 23 12 11 10 12 18 15,18 13 12
13 18 14 19 30 15 10 24 12 12 9 14 19 20 22 11 11 9 12 18 15,16 15 12
10 16 13 20 30 16 11 22 12 12 11 14 20 23 25 10 11 10 13 16 11,14 15 13
10 19 13 20 31 15 10 23 12 12 11 14 19 23 25 10 11 10 13 16 11,14 15 13
9 18 13 20 31 16 10 23 12 12 11 14 19 23 24 10 11 10 13 16 11,14 15 13
7 19 13 20 29 16 10 24 12 11 11 14 18 24 26 10 11 10 13 17 12,14 15 13
6 16 13 19 29 15 11 25 12 12 10 14 20 19 22 11 11 12 11 16 13,16 13 11
6 18 13 19 29 13 10 25 13 11 11 16 15 25 23 10 10 10 13 17 14,17 15 12
6 19 13 18 29 17 10 23 12 10 10 14 18 22 24 12 13 13 14 17 15,20 16 10
6 19 13 19 29 15 10 23 11 12 9 14 18 20 22 11 11 9 12 17 16,17 16 11
Count DYS576 DYS389I DYS635 DYS389II DYS627 DYS460 DYS458 DYS19 YGATAH4 DYS448 DYS391 DYS456 DYS390 DYS438 DYS392 DYS518 DYS570 DYS437 DYS385 DYS449 DYS393 DYS439 DYS481 DYF387S1 DYS533
5 18 13 25 29 21 10 17 13 12 19 10 15 23 11 10 39 15 16 14,17 33 13 10 25 35,37 11
5 19 13 24 30 17 11 15 16 13 20 10 15 24 11 11 41 19 14 11,14 31 13 10 22 37,37 12
4 15 12 22 27 21 10 15 14 11 19 10 16 22 11 14 39 16 15 13,18 27 11 11 23 35,40 12
3 16 13 21 28 19 11 16 15 11 18 10 16 21 8 11 42 19 14 17,17 30 11 11 21 37,38 11
3 18 13 23 30 17 12 16 16 13 19 11 15 25 11 11 40 18 14 11,14 31 13 10 23 36,40 12
3 18 13 23 32 16 11 17 16 13 20 10 16 25 11 11 41 17 14 11,15 33 13 10 22 37,38 12
2 14 13 24 29 18 11 17 14 12 19 10 15 23 11 10 39 17 16 13,18 31 14 11 25 38,38 11
2 14 13 26 29 20 10 17 14 12 19 10 15 23 11 10 40 18 16 12,17 32 13 10 25 37,40 10
2 15 13 21 29 21 11 18 16 11 20 10 14 22 10 14 36 15 16 9,16 29 12 12 24 36,41 12
2 15 13 24 29 22 11 18 15 11 20 10 15 22 10 14 36 15 16 9,16 29 12 12 24 37,41 12
Count DYS19 DYS389I DYS389II DYS390 DYS391 DYS392 DYS393 DYS385 DYS439 DYS438 DYS437 DYS456 DYS458 DYS635 YGATAH4 DYS448 DYS576 DYS481 DYS549 DYS533 DYS570 DYS643 DYS627 DYS460 DYS518 DYS449 DYF387S1
5 13 13 29 23 10 10 13 14,17 10 11 16 15 17 25 12 19 18 25 13 11 15 10 21 10 39 33 35,37
5 16 13 30 24 10 11 13 11,14 10 11 14 15 15 24 13 20 19 22 12 12 19 10 17 11 41 31 37,37
3 16 13 32 25 10 11 13 11,15 10 11 14 16 17 23 13 20 18 22 12 12 17 10 16 11 41 33 37,38
2 14 13 31 23 10 12 13 14,20 11 9 14 15 15 21 12 20 18 24 13 11 15 9 22 11 38 29 38,40
2 15 13 29 21 10 11 12 17,17 11 8 14 16 16 22 11 18 16 21 13 11 18 9 23 10 39 26 37,38
2 15 13 29 22 10 14 12 9,16 12 10 16 15 18 24 11 20 15 24 11 12 15 13 22 11 36 29 37,41
2 15 13 29 22 10 14 12 9,16 12 10 16 15 19 24 11 20 15 24 11 12 15 13 22 11 36 29 37,41
2 15 13 29 22 11 11 12 15,16 14 9 14 16 16 20 11 19 16 24 12 12 18 9 18 10 39 33 37,39
2 16 13 29 22 10 14 12 9,16 12 10 16 14 18 21 11 20 15 24 11 12 15 11 21 11 36 29 36,41
2 16 13 30 25 10 11 13 12,14 10 11 14 15 17 24 13 20 18 23 11 12 20 10 17 11 41 32 37,39

Discrete-Laplace frequency estimation (Minimal)

Release
R69
Loci included
DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II*, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393
Central haplotypes
33
EM converged
true
EM iterations
72
GLM method
internal_coef
Init method
pam
Threshold frequency
1 in 614,508
Per locus details
DL centers distribution (download PDF)
Table of haplotype centers (click to show/hide)
DYS19 DYS389I DYS389II* DYS390 DYS391 DYS392 DYS393
1 14 12 16 23 10 14 12
2 14 13 17 23 10 11 13
3 14 12 16 22 10 14 11
4 14 13 16 23 10 10 14
5 14 13 15 24 10 11 13
6 14 14 16 23 10 10 14
7 14 14 16 23 10 11 12
8 15 13 17 23 10 11 14
9 15 12 16 22 10 11 12
10 15 12 16 24 10 11 12
11 15 13 16 24 11 11 13
12 15 13 16 22 10 11 12
13 15 13 16 22 10 14 12
14 15 13 17 22 10 11 12
15 15 13 17 25 10 11 13
16 15 13 18 25 11 11 13
17 15 13 18 25 10 11 13
18 15 14 16 22 10 11 12
19 15 14 16 23 10 10 14
20 15 14 17 22 10 11 12
21 15 14 17 25 10 11 13
22 15 14 18 25 10 11 13
23 16 13 17 25 10 11 13
24 16 13 17 25 11 11 13
25 16 13 18 25 11 11 13
26 15 12 17 24 10 14 14
27 16 14 16 24 10 11 13
28 13 14 16 22 10 15 13
29 14 13 17 24 10 13 13
30 17 13 18 24 10 11 13
31 17 12 16 23 9 11 12
32 15 13 16 25 10 13 14
33 15 14 16 21 10 11 14

Discrete-Laplace frequency estimation (Y17)

Release
R69
Loci included
DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II*, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635, YGATAH4
Central haplotypes
41
EM converged
true
EM iterations
141
GLM method
internal_coef
Init method
pam
Threshold frequency
1 in 478,939,360
Per locus details
DL centers distribution (download PDF)
Table of haplotype centers (click to show/hide)
DYS19 DYS389I DYS389II* DYS390 DYS391 DYS392 DYS393 DYS437 DYS438 DYS439 DYS448 DYS456 DYS458 DYS635 YGATAH4
1 14 13 17 23 10 11 14 14 10 11 19 15 17 18 12
2 14 13 16 23 10 10 14 16 11 10 19 15 17 24 12
3 15 13 16 25 11 13 14 14 10 12 18 15 16 21 11
4 15 12 17 22 10 11 13 16 10 12 21 15 17 21 11
5 14 14 16 23 10 10 14 16 11 11 19 15 17 25 12
6 14 14 16 23 10 11 13 15 9 11 21 15 16 22 11
7 14 12 16 22 10 14 11 15 10 12 19 15 15 23 12
8 15 12 16 24 10 11 12 15 9 12 19 13 16 21 11
9 14 13 17 23 10 11 13 14 9 11 20 15 15 21 12
10 15 13 16 22 10 11 12 14 9 11 19 16 17 21 12
11 15 13 16 22 10 14 12 16 10 12 20 15 17 22 11
12 15 14 16 22 10 11 12 14 9 12 19 15 17 20 11
13 16 13 17 25 11 11 13 14 11 10 20 15 16 23 13
14 15 13 18 25 10 11 13 14 11 10 20 15 16 23 12
15 17 14 16 22 10 11 12 14 10 12 19 16 16 21 12
16 15 14 17 25 10 11 13 14 11 10 20 15 16 23 13
17 15 13 16 21 10 11 12 14 8 11 18 15 16 21 11
18 14 12 15 24 10 11 12 15 9 13 19 13 19 21 12
19 14 12 16 22 10 14 11 15 10 13 19 16 15 24 12
20 15 14 16 22 10 11 13 15 10 12 19 15 17 21 11
21 13 14 16 22 10 15 13 15 11 11 19 15 18 23 10
22 15 14 16 23 10 10 14 16 11 11 19 16 18 25 12
23 16 13 18 25 11 11 13 14 11 10 20 15 16 23 13
24 16 13 17 25 11 11 13 14 11 11 20 15 17 23 12
25 14 14 16 23 10 11 12 14 9 12 21 14 18 23 11
26 13 13 15 25 10 11 13 14 10 12 20 15 18 21 11
27 15 13 16 25 10 13 14 14 10 12 18 16 16 21 11
28 15 13 16 22 10 11 12 14 9 11 19 15 16 20 12
29 17 12 16 23 9 11 12 15 10 12 19 13 18 21 12
30 14 12 16 23 10 14 12 15 11 11 20 15 18 20 12
31 14 13 17 24 10 13 13 15 11 12 19 15 16 23 12
32 16 13 16 24 10 11 13 14 11 10 20 15 16 23 12
33 16 13 17 25 11 11 13 14 11 10 20 16 15 23 12
34 16 13 18 24 10 11 13 14 11 10 20 16 16 23 13
35 15 14 16 22 10 11 12 14 9 11 19 16 17 20 12
36 14 14 16 23 10 12 13 14 11 12 19 15 16 24 11
37 15 13 16 22 10 11 12 14 9 11 19 15 18 20 12
38 15 13 17 24 10 11 13 14 9 11 20 14 18 21 12
39 14 13 16 24 10 11 13 14 10 11 18 14 17 20 11
40 15 12 17 24 10 14 14 14 11 11 19 15 16 22 12
41 16 14 16 21 11 11 14 14 10 13 18 15 18 23 12

* Please note that DYS389I was substracted from DYS389II

Population studies

  • Henke J., Henke L., Chatthopadhyay P., Kayser M., Dülmer M., Cleef S., Pöche H. and Felske-Zech H. (2001), 'Application of Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes to forensic genetics.', Croat Med J 42(3):292-7 [PubMed]
  • Aliferi A., Thomson J., McDonald A., Molin V., Ferguson S., Vanhinsbergh D., Syndercombe D. and Ballard D. (2018), 'UK and Irish Y-STR population data—A catalogue of variant alleles', For Sci Int Genetics 34:e1-6 [Link] [DOI]
  • Chang YM., Perumal R., Keat PY. and Kuehn DL. (2007), 'Haplotype diversity of 16 Y-chromosomal STRs in three main ethnic populations (Malays, Chinese and Indians) in Malaysia.', Forensic Sci Int 167(1):70-6 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Nagy M., Henke L., Henke J., Chatthopadhyay PK., Völgyi A., Zalán A., Peterman O., Bernasovská J. and Pamjav H. (2007), 'Searching for the origin of Romanies: Slovakian Romani, Jats of Haryana and Jat Sikhs Y-STR data in comparison with different Romani populations.', Forensic Sci Int 169(1):19-26 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Yong RY., Lee LK. and Yap EP. (2006), 'Y-chromosome STR haplotype diversity in three ethnic populations in Singapore.', Forensic Sci Int 159(2-3):244-57 [PubMed]
  • Alam S., Ali ME., Ferdous A., Hossain T., Hasan MM. and Akhteruzzaman S. (2010), 'Haplotype diversity of 17 Y-chromosomal STR loci in the Bangladeshi population.', Forensic Sci Int Genet 4(2):e59-60 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Yadav B., Raina A. and Dogra TD. (2011), 'Haplotype diversity of 17 Y-chromosomal STRs in Saraswat Brahmin Community of North India.', Forensic Sci Int Genet 5(3):e63-70 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Ghosh T., Kalpana D., Mukerjee S., Mukherjee M., Sharma AK., Nath S., Rathod VR., Thakar MK. and Jha GN. (2011), 'Genetic diversity of 17 Y-short tandem repeats in Indian population.', Forensic Sci Int Genet 5(4):363-7 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Roy S., Noor S. and Haque I. (2012), 'Genetic analysis of 17 Y-chromosomal STRs haplotypes of three ethnic groups residing in West Bengal, India.', Forensic Sci Int Genet 6(1):e5-7 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Ali N., Coulson-Thomas YM., Norton AL., Dixon RA. and Williams DR. (2013), 'Announcement of population data: genetic data for 17 Y-STR AmpFℓSTR® Yfiler™ markers from an immigrant Pakistani population in the UK (British Pakistanis).', Forensic Sci Int Genet 7(2):e40-2 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Purps J., Siegert S., Willuweit S., Nagy M., Alves C., Salazar R., Angustia SM., Santos LH., Anslinger K., Bayer B., Ayub Q., Wei W., Xue Y., Tyler-Smith C., Bafalluy MB., Martínez-Jarreta B., Egyed B., Balitzki B., Tschumi S., Ballard D., Court DS., Barrantes X., Bäßler G., Wiest T., Berger B., Niederstätter H., Parson W., Davis C., Budowle B., Burri H., Borer U., Koller C., Carvalho EF., Domingues PM., Chamoun WT., Coble MD., Hill CR., Corach D., Caputo M., D'Amato ME., Davison S., Decorte R., Larmuseau MH., Ottoni C., Rickards O., Lu D., Jiang C., Dobosz T., Jonkisz A., Frank WE., Furac I., Gehrig C., Castella V., Grskovic B., Haas C., Wobst J., Hadzic G., Drobnic K., Honda K., Hou Y., Zhou D., Li Y., Hu S., Chen S., Immel UD., Lessig R., Jakovski Z., Ilievska T., Klann AE., García CC., Knijff D., Kraaijenbrink T., Kondili A., Miniati P., Vouropoulou M., Kovacevic L., Marjanovic D., Lindner I., Mansour I., Al-Azem M., Andari AE., Marino M., Furfuro S., Locarno L., Martín P., Luque GM., Alonso A., Miranda LS., Moreira H., Mizuno N., Iwashima Y., Neto RS., Nogueira TL., Silva R., Nastainczyk-Wulf M., Edelmann J., Kohl M., Nie S., Wang X., Cheng B., Núñez C., Pancorbo MM., Olofsson JK., Morling N., Onofri V., Tagliabracci A., Pamjav H., Volgyi A., Barany G., Pawlowski R., Maciejewska A., Pelotti S., Pepinski W., Abreu-Glowacka M., Phillips C., Cárdenas J., Rey-Gonzalez D., Salas A., Brisighelli F., Capelli C., Toscanini U., Piccinini A., Piglionica M., Baldassarra SL., Ploski R., Konarzewska M., Jastrzebska E., Robino C., Sajantila A., Palo JU., Guevara E., Salvador J., Ungria MC., Rodriguez JJ., Schmidt U., Schlauderer N., Saukko P., Schneider PM., Sirker M., Shin KJ., Oh YN., Skitsa I., Ampati A., Smith TG., Calvit LS., Stenzl V., Capal T., Tillmar A., Nilsson H., Turrina S., Leo D., Verzeletti A., Cortellini V., Wetton JH., Gwynne GM., Jobling MA., Whittle MR., Sumita DR., Wolańska-Nowak P., Yong RY., Krawczak M., Nothnagel M. and Roewer L. (2014), 'A global analysis of Y-chromosomal haplotype diversity for 23 STR loci.', Forensic Sci Int Genet 12:12-23 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Jain T., Shrivastava P. and Ben V. (2017), 'Genetic portrait of Majhi tribe of Chhattisgarh, India based on 15 autosomal STRs and 23 Y-STRs', International Journal of Legal Medicine 131(1):113-114 [DOI]
  • Shrivastava P., Jain T. and Ben V. (2016), 'Haplotype data for 17 Y-STR loci in the population of Madhya Pradesh, India', For Sci International Genet 26:e31-e32 [DOI]
  • Shrivastava P., Panda M., Kaitholia K., Dixit S., Kumawat R., Shankar H., Sharma AN. and Chaubey G. (2022), 'Haplogroup diversity in the Indian population using 23 Y- STRs', Annals of Human Biology 49(3-4):200–203 [DOI]
  • Imam J., Reyaz R., Shankar R., Kumar A. and Shrivastava P. (2018), 'Genomic portrait of population of Jharkhand, India, drawn with 15 autosomal STRs and 17 Y-STRs', Int J Legal Med 132(1):139-40 [DOI]
  • Singh M., Sarkar A. and Madhusudan R. (2018), 'A comprehensive portrait of Y-STR diversity of Indian populations and comparison with 129 worldwide populations', Scientific Reports 8(1):15421 [DOI]
  • Ullah I., Olofsson JK., Margaryan A., Ilardo M., Ahmad H., Sikora M., Hansen AJ., Nadeem S., Fazal N., Ali M., Buchard A., Hemphill BE., Willerslev E. and Allentoft ME. (2017), 'High Y‐chromosomal Differentiation Among Ethnic Groups of Dir and Swat Districts, Pakistan', Annals of Human Genetics 81:234-48 [DOI]
  • Javed F., Sumbal S., Shafique M., Ali A., Shahzadi A., Rani N., Javid H., Javed M., Gillani N. and Husnain T. (2018), 'Male individualization using 12 rapidly mutating Y-STRs in Araein ethnic group and shared paternal lineage of Pakistani population', Int J Legal Med 132(6):1621-4 [Link] [DOI]
  • Mohapatra BK., Chauhan K., Shrivastava P., Sharma A., Dagar S. and Kaitholia K. (2019), 'Haplotype data for 17 Y-STR loci in the population of Himachal Pradesh, India', Int J Legal Med 133(5):1401-1402 [DOI]
  • Kumawat RK., Shrivastava P., Shrivastava D. and Mathur GK. (2020), 'Molecular diversity of 23 Y-STR genetic markers in the population of Rajasthan, India', Meta Gene 24:100694 [DOI]
  • Kumar A., Kumar R., Kumawat RK., Mathur B., Shrivastava P., Chaubey G. and Yadav RK. (2020), 'Genetic portrait study for 23 Y-STR loci in the population of Rajasthan, India', Int J Legal Med 134:1691-1693 [DOI]
  • Singh M., Sarkar A., Kumar D. and Nandineni MR. (2020), 'The genetic affinities of Gujjar and Ladakhi populations of India', Scientific Reports 10:2055 [DOI]
  • Reid KM. and Heathfield LJ. (2020), 'Allele frequency data for 23 Y-chromosome short tandem repeats (STRs) for the South African population', For Sci Int Genet 46:102270 [DOI]
  • Sharma R., Yadav R., Sahajpal V., Zieger M., Ranga S., Ahuja P., Yadav C., Tanwar M., Kadian L. and Chauhan P. (2023), 'Genetic portrait of 23 Y-STR loci in the Brahmin population of Haryana, India', Rechtsmedizin 33:410–420 [Link] [DOI]
  • Sharma S., Yadav R., Sahajpal V., Singh M., Ranga S., Kadian L., Yadav C., Patial A., Devi N. and Ahuja P. (2022), 'Y-23 mediated genetic data analysis of endogamous Brahmin population of Rajasthan, India', Data in Brief 42:108061 [DOI]
  • Panda M., Sharma AN., Kumawat RK. and Shrivastava P. (2022), 'Revealing genetic structure in the paternal lineages and forensic profiling of Bhotra tribe by the analysis of Y-STR multiplex platform', Human Gene 33:201038 [Link] [DOI]
  • Sahoo S., Samal R., Behera S., Biswas S., Dixit S., Kumawat RK., Chaubey G., Bhasney V. and Shrivastava P. (2021), 'Genomic insight into Y-STR diversity in the population of Odisha, India', Int J Legal Med 135:1771–2 [DOI]
  • Panda M., Kumawat R., Dixit S., Sharma AN., Shankar H., Chaubey G. and Shrivastava P. (2022), 'Forensic features and phylogenetic analyses of the population of Nayagarh (Odisha), India using 23 Y-STRs.', Ann Hum Biol 49(1):54-68 [PubMed] [DOI]

Personal communications

YA005071, YA005411, YA006007, YA005131, YA005984, YA005773, YA005303, YA005898, YA005335, YA005550, YA005805, YA005019
* See FAQ/Glossary (http://yhrd.org/pages/faq) for further explanations of abbreviated terms used here
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